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  • The IntellaTip Mifi catheter has been shown to delineate

    2019-04-15

    The IntellaTip Mifi catheter has been shown to delineate local electograms better in the isthmus than the conventional bipolar electrode during atrial flutter ablation. The signal amplitude in the mini-electrodes has been noted to be higher than that of the conventional bipolar catheter. This has enabled better mapping and assessment of RFA efficacy [8–10].
    Conflict of interest
    Acknowledgment
    Introduction
    Case report A 79-year-old man with situs inversus and dextrocardia, without any underlying disease linked to that disorder, was referred for catheter ablation of symptomatic, drug-refractory, paroxysmal AF (Fig. 1A and B). After written informed consent was obtained, the procedure was performed. A 7Fr intracardiac defibrillation catheter (Inquiry™ Luma-Cath™, St Jude Medical, Inc.) was introduced into the coronary sinus (CS) via the right subclavian vein. Single trans-septal puncture was performed via the left femoral vein under intra-cardiac echocardiogram (ViewFlex™ Xtra, St Jude Medical, Inc.) guidance using the modified Brockenbrough technique and an 8.5Fr trans-septal sheath (TS) (SL1, St Jude Medical, Inc.). The TS was exchanged over a guidewire for a 12Fr steerable sheath (FlexCath Advance, Medtronic, Inc.). Mapping and ablation were performed using the NavX system (St. Jude Medical, Inc.) for guidance after the integration of a 3-dimensional model of the left atrial and pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy obtained from pre-interventional computed tomographic imaging (Fig. 2B). Ostial PV recordings were obtained with a 7Fr catheter containing a deflectable decapolar Lasso loop of variable diameter size (15–25mm) (Optima, St Jude Medical, Inc.). The second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon (Arctic Front Advance™, Medtronic, Inc.) was advanced into the left atrium using a spiral mapping catheter (20mm diameter Achieve, Medtronic, Inc.) as a guidewire. The cryoballoon was inflated proximal to the PV ostium followed by a gentle push aiming at complete sealing of the antral aspect of the PV. Contrast medium injected through the central lumen of the cryoballoon was used to verify complete occlusion of the PV ostium (Fig. 2A). This was followed by a freeze nobiletin of 180s. If PVI was achieved after 60s or not confirmed during freeze, an additional bonus freeze of 120s was applied. During cryoenergy application along both PVs, continuous pacing of the phrenic nerve (PN) was performed using a diagnostic catheter (7Fr, Biosense Webster, Inc.) positioned within the superior vena cava and the right subclavian vein. After 1 ablation with perfect PV occlusion, PVI was checked using an Achieve catheter. The right superior PV (RSPV), the right inferior PV (RIPV), and left inferior PV (LIPV) were all isolated after 1 freeze; electric isolation of the left superior PV (LSPV) required 1 additional freeze. The RIPV, LSPV, and LIPV were subjected to an additional bonus freeze. After the ablation of all the PVs, the cryoballoon was exchanged for the ring catheter to check for PVI success. Finally, all PVs were successfully isolated using the exclusive second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon. Total procedure and fluoroscopy time were 120min and 24min, respectively.
    Discussion Catheter-based PVI using radiofrequency current may be a complex and a challenging procedure in patients with situs inversus and dextrocardia. PVI was successfully performed in this patient with situs inversus and dextrocardia using 3-dimensional mapping system [1,2], magnetic navigation system [3], and robotic navigation system [4]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report illustrating successful cryoballoon-based PVI in a patient with situs inversus and dextrocardia. To prevent phrenic nerve paralysis, we stimulated both phrenic nerves since left-sided phrenic nerve paralysis has been reported in literature after cryoballoon-based PVI in a patient with normal heart [5] and our patient has an unusual anatomy. Our patient had no minor anomaly. In general, congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypoplasia are rare in dextrocardia with situs inversus compared to isolated dextrocardia and dextrocardia associated with situs ambiguous. PVI using a cryoballoon may be more challenging in patients with dextrocardia of the other types. Additionally, cryoballoon-based PVI was performed under Ensite NavX three-dimensional mapping system guidance. Visualization of the ring catheter on the Ensite NavX system enabled the understanding of anatomy and reduction of exposure making the procedure less invasive and safer. As a result, the procedure and fluoroscopy time for our patient were as short as those in normal heart patients.