Archives

  • 2018-07
  • 2019-04
  • 2019-05
  • 2019-06
  • 2019-07
  • 2019-08
  • 2019-09
  • 2019-10
  • 2019-11
  • 2019-12
  • 2020-01
  • 2020-02
  • 2020-03
  • 2020-04
  • 2020-05
  • 2020-06
  • 2020-07
  • 2020-08
  • 2020-09
  • 2020-10
  • 2020-11
  • 2020-12
  • 2021-01
  • 2021-02
  • 2021-03
  • 2021-04
  • 2021-05
  • 2021-06
  • 2021-07
  • 2021-08
  • 2021-09
  • 2021-10
  • 2021-11
  • 2021-12
  • 2022-01
  • 2022-02
  • 2022-03
  • 2022-04
  • 2022-05
  • 2022-06
  • 2022-07
  • 2022-08
  • 2022-09
  • 2022-10
  • 2022-11
  • 2022-12
  • 2023-01
  • 2023-02
  • 2023-03
  • 2023-04
  • 2023-05
  • 2023-06
  • 2023-07
  • 2023-08
  • 2023-09
  • 2023-10
  • 2023-11
  • 2023-12
  • 2024-01
  • 2024-02
  • 2024-03
  • Sapitinib cost Interpretation In Haiti the creation of a nat

    2019-06-10

    Interpretation In Haiti, the creation of a national-level, centralised registry has facilitated the diagnosis of patients with surgical heart disease; accelerated the expansion of surgical options for these patients; and has helped to catalyse the development of permanent surgical capacity in Haiti itself. Funding Haiti Cardiac Alliance. Declaration of interests
    Abstract Background An estimated 4·7 billion people worldwide live in regions with high potential for exposure to soil transmitted helminths, a group of intestinal parasites that include Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp), each of which can affect the health and nutritional status of women smallholder farmers. The two aims of this double blind, prospective, randomised trial were to determine the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection in this population and to test whether treatment with albendazole affects women\'s work capacity, as measured by aerobic fitness. Methods In March, 2014, participants from safe motherhood groups on Idjwi Island, South-Kivu Province and Kindu, Maniema Province were selected for inclusion in stage one of our trial. We measured prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection, haemoglobin concentrations, and recorded baseline demographic information. Between July, 2014, and February, 2015, stage two of the trial took place and participants from the Kindu group were randomly assigned to receive treatment with single dose albendazole, 400 mg, or a similar looking placebo tablet. Kindu participants completed an exercise tolerance test (a modified YMCA step test) and we used these results as a proxy metric for work capacity. Work capacity was defined as the change in a participant\'s heart rate before and after 3 mins of step testing. The step test was repeated 7 months after treatment. All women and their Sapitinib cost were given albendazole at the end of the study. Participants, investigators, social workers, and field assistants remained unaware of treatment allocation during the trial. Primary outcome was change in work capacity from baseline to 7 months after treatment. This trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02102321) Findings Hookworm prevalence was 51% (75 of 146 women) on Idjwi Island and 50% (124 of 250) in Kindu, with 99% light intensity infections. 112 women were allocated treatment with albendazole and 113 were allocated placebo. Results of regression modelling showed an interactive effect of hookworm status and treatment group relative to change in work capacity, after controlling for baseline resting pulse rate and participant age (p<0·002). Estimated marginal means for work capacity for four analysis groups (hookworm positive in placebo group, hookworm positive in treatment group, hookworm negative in placebo, hookworm negative in treatment) showed women who were hookworm positive and received treatment had increased work capacity after treatment (9·744 beats per minute decrease, 95% CI 6·42–13.07) whereas women who were hookworm positive and received placebo had no change in work capacity after treatment (a non-significant decrease of 0·034 beats per minute, −3·16 to −3·84). Interpretation Treatment with albendazole was associated with improved aerobic work capacity at 7 months after treatment. Given the modest cost of the intervention during mass drug distributions, the periodic deworming of women smallholder farmers warrants further study. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Explorations Program, “Labor Saving Strategies and Innovations for Women Smallholder Farmers”. Declaration of interests
    Abstract Background There is great variation in annual health spending between countries, and differences in how this spending is financed. For example, the average annual spend on health care in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa in 2013 was $135 per person (in 2010 purchasing-power-parity dollars), whereas in high-income countries Calvin cycle is up to 22 times larger. Future health spending estimates and information about the expected source of those funds are hugely important for successful short-term and medium-term planning, maintaining fiscal sustainability, and addressing critical funding gaps. We aimed to forecast government health spending, out-of-pocket health spending, pre-paid health insurance spending, and development assistant for health in 184 countries from 2013 to 2040.