• Tranexamic Acid br Introduction As a fundamental metal depen

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  Introduction As a fundamental metal-dependent hydrolytic enzyme, inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) exhibits a specific catalytic ability, in which one molecule of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) can be transformed into two orthophosphate (Pi) ions [1,2]. The process of transformation is extremely e

• br Introduction In addition to glucose which

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  Introduction In addition to glucose, which is the foremost stimulator of insulin secretion in beta-cells, other nutrients such as free fatty acids (also called non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA) contribute to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Glucose triggers the processes leading to in

• Several small molecules such as erastin and RSL are reported

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  Several small molecules, such as erastin and RSL3, are reported to induce ferroptosis in both normal and cancer d mannitol synthesis [21,22]. We confirmed that erastin-induced growth inhibition is an ideal ferroptosis model for cardiomyocytes. The erastin inhibits the growth of H9c2 cells in a Fe-d

• We have presented evidence that

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  We have presented evidence that only muscle FBPase is detectable within HL-1 cells. This is consistent with past findings of the Eschrich's group, which showed that in rat heart mitoxantrone expression of FBPase is almost exclusively limited to the muscle isozyme [3]. Results of our preliminary ex

• The histamine H receptor H R amino acids

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  The histamine H3 receptor (H3R; 326–445 amino-acids) is located on histaminergic neuron somata, dendrites and axon varicosities, as well as on the axon varicosities and somata of other neurons, providing negative feedback to inhibit histamine synthesis and the release of histamine or other transmitt

• PLP has been found to be effective inhibitor of many

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  PLP has been found to be effective inhibitor of many enzymes that have Triflurdine mg for phosphate-containing substrates or effectors, including RNA polymerase [14], [15], reverse transcriptase [16], and DNA polymerase [17], [18]. Oka et al. [19], [20] reported that vitamin B6 deficiency generally

• Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS

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  Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS production by up-regulating antioxidant defences, such as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Livingstone, 2003). Failure of antioxidant defences to detoxify excess ROS production can lead to significant oxidative damage including enzyme inactivation, protein

• It has been known for

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  It has been known for some time that an oral salt load given to mammals induces a much greater natriuresis than the intravenous administration of an equivalent amount of saline (Carey et al., 1976, Singer et al., 1998). In addition, oral administration of salt to rats has been reported to augmented

• In an attempt to gain increased molecular insights into

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  In an attempt to gain increased molecular insights into in vivo transmigration of neutrophils, we applied an aseptic inflammatory skin chamber model. In this model, recruitment of neutrophils is typically associated with phenotypic changes of many plasma membrane localized adhesion receptors in peri

• br Excitatory amino acid transporter mediated glutamate tran

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  Excitatory amino Chk1 and MK2 Inhibitors set synthesis transporter-mediated glutamate transport Early studies detailing the presence of uptake systems capable of transporting glutamate and aspartate into neurons and glia represented a critical step in the overall task of demonstrating that l-glut

• br Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen

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  Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen species are generated in p2x7 receptor by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane (Murphy, 2009, Jensen, 1966, Dickinson and Chang, 2011). Interestingly, although most cancer cells are thought to primarily

• Sequences of hexokinases were initially deduced and

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  Sequences of hexokinases were initially deduced and predicted based on cDNA clones (Andreone et al., 1989, Schwab and Wilson, 1989, Schwab and Wilson, 1991, Griffin et al., 1991, Thelen and Wilson, 1991). Analysis of genome sequence data identified, in caudatin to the 4 expected known hexokinase en

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporos

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  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by thymidylate synthase inhibitor deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction This article similar

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  Acknowledgements Introduction This article, similar to those before [1,2], presents a selection of nails for those red blood cell physiologists with hammers. The various topics are not necessarily lost for, like occupants on a carousel, they reappear periodically. Sometimes, however, some arti

• br Introduction The nature of

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  Introduction The nature of chemotherapies is to relieve the tumor burden of the patients by eliminating cancer Amikacin via inducing cell death, mostly regulated cell death represented by apoptosis [1,2]. Dozens of anticancer agents including clinically used ones kill cancer cells by promoting a

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