• EPAC activation in VSMCs and ECs reverses

  2021-07-23

  

  EPAC activation in VSMCs and ECs reverses several processes involved in the development of in-stent restenosis. Of particular relevance is the ability of EPAC1 to induce SOCS3 gene expression, as SOCS3 exerts multiple protective effects in both cell types, while immunohistochemical studies have show

• Covalent inhibitors are well suited for targeting the E

  2021-07-23

  

  Covalent inhibitors are well suited for targeting the E1 BLZ945 of Ubl modifications. Because the E1 enzymes in Ubl modifications, such as the SUMO E1 and Atg7, have a slow turnover rate (Boggio et al., 2004), prolonged inhibition can be achieved without requiring compounds to be stable in circulat

• br Enzyme catalysis A biochemically spontaneous process proc

  2021-07-23

  

  Enzyme catalysis A biochemically spontaneous process proceeds in a direction where free Cy3-dUTP of the system decreases. However, every spontaneous or energetically favorable reaction needs to overcome an energy barrier known as the activation energy barrier because of the formation of an unsta

• br Materials and methods br Results Overexpression

  2021-07-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Overexpression of KLF2 increased the cell viability and reduced the LDH leakage rate and O2•− and ONOO− generation in H/R HUVEC model. To evaluate the effect of KLF2 on H/R HUVEC injury, KLF2 was overexpressed in HUVECs. Cell viability and extracellular LDH level

• Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic p

  2021-07-23

  

  Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic proteins. They are metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate [18]. Eubacteria and archaebacteria have a single enolase gene (reviewed in [19]). Despite the lack of signal peptides or cognate pro

• Importantly MPO is not only a

  2021-07-23

  

  Importantly, MPO is not only a marker of cardiovascular disease but also emerges as a critical mediator of vascular inflammatory disease: Liberated MPO binds to the endothelium in a leukocyte-independent manner, is subsequently taken up by the endothelium and transcytoses and accumulates in the sube

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and DDR are receptor tyro

  2021-07-23

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

• Nimodipine administration also inhibited the eIF

  2021-07-23

  

  Nimodipine administration also inhibited the eIF2α/ATF4 singnaling which is a crucial evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway during cellular stresses including hypoxia and ischemia (Evans et al., 2016; Manwani and McCullough, 2013). While, the eIF2a/ATF4 pathway, activated by different forms of s

• br Rationale and hypothesis To discover an allosteric inhibi

  2021-07-23

  

  Rationale and hypothesis To discover an allosteric inhibitor of EGFR, Jia et al. (2016) screened a library of 2.5 million compounds at 1 μM ATP concentration in opposition the purified EGFR L858R/T790M mutant enzyme. 1322 best hits were found from this round of screening. The pinnacle hits had be

• MuRF interacts with four and a half

  2021-07-23

  

  MuRF3 interacts with four-and-a-half LIM domain (FHL2) and γ-filamin leading to their degradation via UPS [64]. Conversely, abnormal aggregation of these proteins was observed in mice lacking MuRF3. Moreover, MuRF3-/- mice were found more prone to cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction (A

• br RING type E s

  2021-07-23

  

  RING-type E3s and their substrates There is enormous diversity in substrate ubiquitination and its regulation, as the targets of RING-type E3s are incredibly varied. RING-type E3s are implicated as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and mediators of endocytosis, and play critical roles in complex mult

• While a number of studies have helped elucidate the

  2021-07-23

  

  While a number of studies have helped elucidate the principles of target amino group specificity, UBL selectivity, and Ub pcpt specificity [3], [4], [9], [10], [14], [19], [20], [23], [24], [33], [34], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], the role of the canonical E2-RING interface in governing substrate

• br Results and discussion br Conclusion We have constructed

  2021-07-23

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion We have constructed a series of potent and greatly selective DPP-4 inhibitors with pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one core surrogates. The modification of the core led us to b2 which has IC50 of 80 nM and > 1000 fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. We utiliz

• Lately using receptor TM peptides BiFC

  2021-07-23

  

  Lately, using receptor TM peptides, BiFC and PLA experiments, we have also obtained experimental evidence for the tetrameric structure of A1R–D1R, which explains the canonical interaction on Gi and Gs, respectively (Fig. 2). We have demonstrated for the first time the presence of this heterotetramer

• Several of the keloid like lesions seen in

  2021-07-23

  

  Several of the keloid-like lesions seen in these individuals were pigmented. It is of potential relevance that genetic variants in DDR1 [MIM: 600408] have been associated with vitiligo, and DDR1 activation is involved when Sulfo-NHS-Biotin are attached to collagen-IV fibers. Because DDR1 and DDR2 a

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